Beyond Fiber: Scaling Quantum Security Across Networks
![A testbed spanning Galicia and the Basque Country demonstrates a hybrid quantum-classical key distribution network, utilizing physically secured [latex]QKD[/latex] links-propagating keys via [latex]ETSI\,020[/latex] with [latex]QKD[/latex] and post-quantum cryptography-alongside [latex]ETSI\,020[/latex] interfaces secured solely with post-quantum cryptography, while vendor key management systems distribute [latex]QKD[/latex] keys via [latex]ETSI\,014[/latex] calls to key management transfer station nodes.](https://arxiv.org/html/2604.20376v1/x1.png)
A new approach to key distribution leverages hybrid quantum and post-quantum cryptography to connect geographically separated quantum key distribution systems.
![A testbed spanning Galicia and the Basque Country demonstrates a hybrid quantum-classical key distribution network, utilizing physically secured [latex]QKD[/latex] links-propagating keys via [latex]ETSI\,020[/latex] with [latex]QKD[/latex] and post-quantum cryptography-alongside [latex]ETSI\,020[/latex] interfaces secured solely with post-quantum cryptography, while vendor key management systems distribute [latex]QKD[/latex] keys via [latex]ETSI\,014[/latex] calls to key management transfer station nodes.](https://arxiv.org/html/2604.20376v1/x1.png)
A new approach to key distribution leverages hybrid quantum and post-quantum cryptography to connect geographically separated quantum key distribution systems.

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