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Sharper Bounds for Quantum Zero-Knowledge Proofs

15.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

New research refines the limits of quantum statistical zero-knowledge, bringing us closer to understanding the fundamental capabilities of secure quantum computation.

Categories Science

Beyond Guessing Games: Rethinking Quantum Information Limits

15.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

The mutual information between binary probability distributions $p_{X,Y}$ is mapped onto the λ,b plane, revealing a feasible region-defined by constraints on λ and b-where information transfer is maximized for a given value of a.

New research challenges established assumptions about how much information can be gleaned from simple quantum measurements.

Categories Science

Mimicking Quantum Randomness with Classical Jitter

15.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

Through computational permutation, a digital replication of optical coherent states precisely mirrors the characteristics of a Poisson distribution with $μ=100$ and variance $σ^2≈100$, demonstrating that statistical properties of quantum phenomena can be accurately reproduced via algorithmic processes.

Researchers have shown that high-quality random numbers, typically generated by quantum processes, can be faithfully reproduced using the inherent timing variations within standard computer systems.

Categories Science

Beyond Toric Codes: Transformer Networks Unlock Golay Error Correction

15.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

The decoder performance of a Golay code is demonstrably linked to the correlation parameter $\eta$, with variations in performance attributable to the specific set of three generator polynomials employed.

A new approach to quantum error correction leverages the power of Transformer networks to significantly improve decoding performance for Golay codes.

Categories Science

The Limits of Quantum Trust: Why Verifying Quantum States is a Fundamental Challenge

15.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

New research reveals a fundamental trade-off in quantum state verification, demonstrating that cut-and-choose protocols cannot simultaneously guarantee both strong security and practical efficiency.

Categories Science

Squeezing Every Drop from Bayesian Data

15.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

The study demonstrates that estimates of $log(z)$ derived from nested sampling (NS) converge with increasing numbers of live points, achieving accuracy comparable to MorphZ estimates-particularly those utilizing second- and third-order approximations-as evidenced by the diminishing root-mean-square error relative to the true value with greater computational effort.

A new method, MorphZ, dramatically improves the accuracy and efficiency of evidence estimation in complex Bayesian analyses.

Categories Science

Why Some AI Can Reason, and Others Can’t

15.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

The study demonstrates that BERT, leveraging an encoder-only architecture, exhibits consistent geometric transformations throughout multi-step reasoning-a preservation of logical structure-while decoder-only models like Qwen display increasing curvature drift, suggesting a breakdown in that same logical consistency, findings which corroborate a geometric framework for understanding reasoning processes as described by zhou2025geometry.

New research reveals a fundamental architectural limitation in decoder-only models when it comes to complex causal reasoning and adapting to changing data.

Categories Science

Decoding Viral Sequences with Murmur2Vec

14.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

Murmur2Vec operates under the constraint of zero permitted collisions, a foundational limitation shaping its flow and ultimately defining the permissible pathways within the system.

A novel hashing-based approach dramatically accelerates the creation of sequence embeddings for COVID-19 spike proteins, offering a powerful tool for variant analysis.

Categories Science

Safe Control from Data: A New Approach to Robotics Safety

14.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

The framework learns a safe region through a reachability-based Bellman equation and a value-guided barrier function-enhanced with expectile regression to handle out-of-distribution data from offline datasets-and then utilizes this learned barrier function within a CBF-QP controller to enable safe, step-wise action rollouts regardless of the reference controller employed.

Researchers have developed a method for training robots to operate safely in complex environments using only previously collected data.

Categories Science

The Memory Code: Cracking Open Large Language Model Intelligence

14.12.2025 by Ray Dalio

Value vectors, unlike their key counterparts which delineate context through orthogonal features, exhibit a tendency to consolidate semantic content across related tokens by repurposing high-magnitude features-a density of activation suggesting an efficient, if potentially less nuanced, method of information transfer.

Researchers are revealing how large language models store and retrieve information, paving the way for more efficient and interpretable AI.

Categories Science
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