Science – Page 30 – Investment Policy

Passive QKD: A Rigorous Security Analysis

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

$A passive decoy-state BB84 protocol utilizes phase-randomized coherent states-characterized by intensity $\mu_{\omega_i}$ and polarization $\phi(a_i, \alpha_i)$-to transmit quantum information, where Alice encodes data through choices of bit $a_i$, basis $\alpha_i$, and intensity label $\omega_i$, while Bob employs a measurement setup featuring a beam splitter with transmittance $q$ and subsequent polarization analysis via ZZ and XX lines-each consisting of polarization beam splitters and threshold photon detectors with efficiencies $\eta_{det}$ and dark count probabilities $d$-to receive and decode the quantum signal.$

A new proof demonstrates the security of a practical quantum key distribution system using a simplified, passive measurement approach.

Quantum Circuits Reveal Hidden Connections to Gauge Theory

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

A new framework demonstrates how complex behavior in symmetric quantum circuits can emerge from the principles of holographic duality, shedding light on emergent phases and transitions.

Beyond the Quantum Bottleneck: A New Path for Hybrid Machine Learning

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

The system explores model architectures for quantum machine learning, contrasting a purely quantum approach with hybrid methods-one utilizing a classical multilayer perceptron on $Q(x)$ and another employing a residual hybrid that bypasses measurement bottlenecks with a $[x∥Q(x)]$ structure.

Researchers are tackling limitations in quantum machine learning with a novel architecture that bypasses the traditional measurement stage, enhancing both accuracy and data privacy.

Decoding the Quantum Future: FPGAs Speed Up Error Correction

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

Certain classes of quasi-LDPC decoders-specifically (iv) through (vi)-emerged as particularly well-suited for real-time implementation within field-programmable gate arrays, prompting a focused evaluation of their performance characteristics in this study.

Researchers are leveraging the power of field-programmable gate arrays to achieve real-time decoding of quantum low-density parity-check codes, a critical step towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Mapping Quantum Logic: A Compilation Pipeline for Fault-Tolerant Circuits

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

$The algorithm’s performance, when coupled with surface code error correction, demonstrably surpasses direct, unencoded execution, with discrepancies indicated by dashed lines representing sampling error $\epsilon$ derived from proxy Clifford simulations excluding synthesis error.$

Researchers have developed a comprehensive system for translating quantum algorithms into physical circuits suitable for near-term, error-correcting quantum computers.

Star Power: Secure Quantum Communication Without the Fuss

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

A phase-encoding approach facilitates quantum key distribution (QKD) within a plug-and-play twin-field architecture.

Researchers have demonstrated a practical, stable implementation of Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution using a novel Sagnac interferometer design.

Fortifying Binaries: A New Approach to Buffer Overflow Protection

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

Symbolic execution meticulously traces the execution path of the $astrcpy$ function, effectively emulating its behavior and laying bare the intricate logic governing data transfer within the system - a process inherently revealing the potential for unforeseen failures embedded within even the simplest of operations.

Researchers have developed a system that automatically detects and patches memory corruption vulnerabilities in compiled code, offering a promising path to more secure software.

Smarter Shards: AI-Powered Scaling for Blockchains

27.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

$The allocator operates on a predictive model-specifically, $x^3(t+1)\hat{x}_{3}(t+1)$-to forecast Ethereum Sepolia shard 3 behavior, receiving this red-dashed series each time slot as input for resource management.$

A new framework leverages artificial intelligence to dynamically optimize resource allocation in sharded blockchains, promising increased throughput and reduced latency.

Quantum Fields: Optimizing Arithmetic for a Faster Future

26.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

This work demonstrates a substantial reduction in gate count for constant multiplication over $GF(2^m)$-achieving an improvement exceeding a factor of 100 compared to state-of-the-art LU decomposition, with the construction limited to 5.5m CNOT gates and consistently performing under 4.16m, as exemplified by a reduction from 2,201,876 CNOT gates to just 6,158 when $m=6159$.

Researchers have developed novel techniques to significantly reduce the computational cost of performing Galois Field arithmetic on quantum computers.

Quantum Paths: Navigating the Complexities of Non-Isotonic Networks

26.11.2025 by Ray Dalio

$Quantum-repeater networks exhibit non-isotonic behavior where the optimal communication path shifts with network expansion; while a path $p_1 = (A, C)$ initially yields a secret-key rate of approximately 32 Hz-superior to the 59 Hz of path $p_2 = (A, B, C)$-appending a link to form $p_1 \oplus e$ results in 13 Hz, whereas $p_2 \oplus e$ yields zero utility due to error rates exceeding the BBM92 protocol’s tolerance with just three links each possessing a fidelity of 0.94.$

New research explores the challenges of efficiently routing quantum information through networks where traditional pathfinding methods fall short.