Predicting the Unknown: Smarter Uncertainty Estimates for Physics-Based AI

A new approach focuses uncertainty quantification in neural operator models on key structural components, improving the accuracy and efficiency of predictions for complex physical systems.
![As a system approaches an electronic quantum critical point, phonon softening and renormalization of the long-wavelength dispersion increase the density of low-energy phonon states, with the thermally excited phonon phase-space volume scaling as [latex]T^{d/z_p}[/latex], where [latex]d[/latex] represents spatial dimension and [latex]z_p[/latex] is the phonon dynamical exponent-a larger [latex]z_p[/latex] indicating a greater low-energy phonon phase space and, consequently, increased scattering potential, particularly when [latex]z_p > d[/latex].](https://arxiv.org/html/2603.11176v1/x1.png)
![The distributions of B(GT(-)) transition strengths in [latex]^{16}C[/latex] nuclei were analyzed using the SkP, SLy4, and SGII parameterizations, demonstrating the sensitivity of these spectroscopic properties to the chosen nuclear force model.](https://arxiv.org/html/2603.11429v1/x15.png)





![The study demonstrates that jailbreak success against Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct exhibits diminishing returns with increased attack compute (measured in FLOPs), following a saturating exponential relationship formalized in [latex]Eq. (7)[/latex], as evidenced by the convergence of average red-team scores (ASR) despite escalating computational effort.](https://arxiv.org/html/2603.11149v1/x1.png)