Securing the Shop Floor: The Hard Road to ICS Intrusion Detection

Developing robust security for industrial control systems requires more than just applying conventional methods, and this review highlights the significant hurdles in achieving truly holistic intrusion detection.




![A residual risk score is computed by integrating semantic similarity [latex]S_{sem} [/latex], structural similarity [latex]S_{ast} [/latex], and cross-model agreement [latex] \sigma_{cross}^2 [/latex], offering a comprehensive assessment of potential vulnerabilities.](https://arxiv.org/html/2604.21051v1/x3.png)
